Module Five [[Periodicity]] Reactions with Water, Oxygen and Chlorine

Element: Na

Atomic Number: 11

Electronic Config.: 1s22s22p63s1

Type of Element: metal

Oxide Bonding: ionic

Chloride Bonding: ionic

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* Reacts with water by losing the 3s electron: Na - e- -----> Na+
* reacts exothermically with cold water to for NaOH and Hydrogen

2Na(S) + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

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* Yellow Flame

*Strongly alkaline solution: pH 13

*Reacts vigorously with oxgen

* yellow flame
* forms sodium oxide

4Na + O2 ---> 2Na2O

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* reacts very vigorously with chlorine

* forms Sodium Chloride

2Na + Cl2 ---> 2NaCl

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Element: Mg
Atomic Number: 12
Electronic Config.: 1s22s22p63s2

Type of Element: metal
Oxide Bonding: ionic
Chloride Bonding: ionic

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* reacts with steam

Mg(s) + H2O(l) ---> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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*vigorous reaction with oxygen

* white flame

* forms magnesioun oxide

2Mg + O2 ---> MgO

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* vigorous reaction when heated

* forms magnesium chloride

Mg + Cl2 ---> MgCl2

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Element: Al

Atomic Number: 13

Electronic Config.: 1s22s22p63s2sp1
Type of Element: metal

Oxide Bonding: ionic

Chloride Bonding: covalent

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* Initial vigorous reaction with oxygen

* forms aluminium oxide

4Al + 3O2 ---> 2Al2O3

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* Vigorous reaction when heated under anhydrous conditions

* forms Aluminium Chloride

2Al + 3Cl2 ---> 2AlCl3

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Element: Si
Atomic Number: 14
Electronic Config.: 1s22s22p63s23p2

Type of Element: non-metal
Oxide Bonding: covalent

Chloride Bonding: covalent

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* slow reaction with oxygen

*forms silicon (IV) oxide

Si + O2 ---> SiO2

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* slow reaction with chlorine

* forms silicon (IV) Chloride

Si + 2Cl2 ---> SiCl4

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Element: P

Atomic Number: 15

Electronic Config.: 1s22s22p63s23p3
Type of Element: non-metal

Oxide Bonding: covalent
Chloride Bonding: covalent

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* vigorous reaction with oxygen

*white fumes

* forms phospherous (V) oxide

P4 + 5O2 ---> P4O10

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* slow reaction with chlorine

* forms phospherous (v) chloride

P4 + 10Cl2 ---> 4PCl5

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Element: S

Atomic Number: 16
Electronic Config.: 1s22s22p63s2sp4

Type of Element: non-metal
Oxide Bonding: covalent

Chloride Bonding: covalent

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* melts easily in oxygen

* blue flame

* forms sulphur (IV) oxide

* colourless oxide with choking odour

S + O2 ---> SO2

Textbook Summary

* Elements of Period Three react with oxygen to for Oxides
* Na, Mg and Al oxides are ionic, rest are covalent

* elements of pd 3 react with chlorine to form chlorides

* Na, Mg are ionic, rest are covalent

AlChloride is predominantly covalent because the Al ion is highly polarising

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Chemistry for AQA (text book)